Inequalities in regional excess mortality and life expectancy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe
Using data for 201 regions (NUTS 2) in Europe, we examine the mortality burden of the COVID-19 pandemic and how the mortality inequalities between regions changed between 2020 and 2022. We show that over the three years of the pandemic, not only did the level of excess mortality rate change considerably, but also its geographical […]
Regional diversification and labour market upgrading: Local access to skill-related high-income jobs helps workers escaping low-wage employment
This paper investigates how the evolution of local labour market structure enables or constrains workers as regards escaping low-wage jobs. Drawing on the network-based approach of evolutionary economic geography, we employ a detailed individual-level panel dataset to construct skill-relatedness networks for 72 functional labour market regions in Sweden. Subsequent fixed-effect panel regressions indicate that increasing […]
The Great Rush
This paper provides a summary of the latest advancements in generative artificial intelligence using large language models over the past six months. The impact of this breakthrough remains uncertain, but it is evident that GPT is a General-Purpose Technology (GPT) that will significantly alter various aspects of our economy and society in ways that are […]
Which Sectors Go On When There Is a Sudden Stop? An Empirical Analysis
This paper analyzes the dynamics of sectoral Real Gross Value Added (RGVA) around sudden stops in foreign capital inflows. We identify sudden stop episodes statistically from changes in gross capital inflows from the financial account, and use an event study methodology to compare RGVA before and after the start of sudden stops. In the baseline […]
The Effect of Air Pollution on Fertility Outcomes in Europe
This paper studies the effect of ambient air pollution on the number of births in the European Union. We collect air pollution data with web scraping technique and utilize variations in wind, temperature, number of heating, and cooling days as instrumental variables. There are 657 NUTS 3 regions included in the regressions, each with 2 […]
The effect of funding liquidity regulation and ESG promotion on market liquidity
Liquidity is a key consideration in financial markets, especially in times of financial crises. For this reason, regulatory attention to and measures in this field have been on the rise for the past years. Based on practical experience, regulations aiming at ensuring funding liquidity or, in general, reducing certain risky positions have the side effect […]
Unexpected Inflation and Public Pensions: The Case of Hungary
Public pensions are indexed to prices or wages or to their combinations; therefore, the impact of inflation on the real value of benefits can often be neglected, especially under indexation to prices. At high and accelerating/decelerating inflation like currently prevailing in Hungary, however, this is not the case. (i) With fast inflation of basic necessities, […]
Heterogeneous wage structure effects: a partial European East-West comparison
We estimate heterogeneous wage structure effects for country-pairs within the EU by the Causal Forest algorithm, then identify groups of workers with the highest and lowest discrepancies in terms of wage differentials. We find that, in the East-West comparison, age is the most consistently differentiating factor. People over 40 are most adversely treated in the […]
Where is the pain the most acute? The market segments particularly affected by gender wage discrimination in Hungary
The gender earnings gap can be attributed either to the different distribution of males and females across jobs or to within job biases in favour of men. The latter is frequently called the wage structure effect, and it may be interpreted as wage discrimination against women. In this paper we focus on this second source […]
Precautionary Fertility: Conceptions, Births, and Abortions around Employment Shocks
This paper studies the effects of employment shocks on births and induced abortions. We are the first to show that abortions play a role in fertility responses to job displacement. Furthermore, we document precautionary fertility behavior: the anticipatory response of women to expected labor market shocks. Using individual-level administrative data from Hungary, we look at […]
An Axiomatization of the Pairwise Netting Proportional Rule in Financial Networks
We consider financial networks where agents are linked to each other via mutual liabilities. In case of bankruptcy, there are potentially many bankruptcy rules, ways to distribute the assets of a bankrupt agent over the other agents. One common approach is to first apply pairwise netting of agents that have mutual liabilities and next use […]
THE HUNGARIAN LABOUR MARKET 2020 – The COVID-19 Pandemic
The Hungarian Labour Market Yearbook series was launched in 2000 by the Institute of Economics, in order to report on the processes and latest trends of the Hungarian labour market and employment policy, and provide an in-depth analysis of a particular subject each year. In compiling the content of each yearbook, the intention of the […]
